Real reality, virtual reality and the master mix

I know that title freaks you out because who used the phrase real reality but due to the many advances in computer vision i believe that it's time to change our view from a broad one to a more detailed one.

As the phrases suggest,real reality is the one that we live in and we were bounded by it until the early 2000s when computer scientists thought about virtual reality and how to manipulate lenses to attract the human mind.

What does virtual reality mean in computer science ?

 Virtual reality is the term used to describe a three-dimensional, computer generated environment which can be explored and interacted with by a person. That person becomes part of this virtual world or is immersed within this environment and whilst there, is able to manipulate objects or perform a series of actions.

How does Virtual reality  work ?

Tricking your brain 

VR works as the brain uses systems including proprioception (the sense of where limbs are in space) and how the eyes orientate to the scene when the head moves. Also, place cells in the hippocampus have been shown to be the centre for self-location, which is used by the brain when assessing where the body is in space.

Ultimately, the brain has to believe the concept of presence, which is based on the brain’s past experience of what it feels like to walk down a street, for instance, and how this compares to the virtual street portrayed in the VR environment. The brain compares these past experiences with the CG environment and decides how real it actually is. Also, when virtual limbs are created in the virtual world, the brain is surprisingly willing to merge the fake with the real. Indeed, in one test VR users pulled their arms away from a virtual fire.

Pros and cons:

Pros:

1-Provides a safe way to build skills in challenging or risky tasks

2-Offers real-time feedback

3-FUNNNN!

Cons:

1-Blurs the boundaries between ourselves and the outside world.

2-Invades privacy.

With that said computer scientists wanted all the pros and less of the cons that's why they thought about more interactive and creative way which is a mixed reality(the master mix) that allows a person to live in both world at the same time.Building 3D objects, living millions of experiences we already enjoy in our real lives and creating new methods of how to capture our memories so that they would immortal.And,No,that's not a dream. Microsoft has been the leader in mixed reality which is something you could find in Microsoft holoLens  

References:

1-https://elearningindustry.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Virtual-Reality.png

2-https://blackbearsolutions.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/VR-w855h425@2x.jpg

3-https://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aotdquRv2ZmMp1l-NTU_HrHcQtA=/cdn0.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/3327268/a67d3d33-e1e5-4cf7-bf3d-dbe1befc8d8c.0.jpg

32 bit vs 64 bit ?

If you ever tried to buy an intensive application online like adobe photoshop or auto cad,you're going to get a question that most of us just choose to ignore.Do you want the 32-bit download or the 64-bit one ? What does that even mean ?

What are bits ?

The number of bits in a processor refers to the size of the data types that it handles and the size of its registry. A 64-bit processor is capable of storing 264 computational values, including memory addresses, which means it’s able to access over four billion times as much physical memory than a 32-bit processor!

Is that the only difference between them though ?

Other than the fact each type of processor handles different amount of data values, also they're different in how they interact with the RAM,like for example a 64-bit processor uses it's unique technologies while connecting with the RAM,that's why more memory is required in its case,However,the 32 bit is not as sophisticated.

If the processeor is the one that's labeled 64 bit why do we have games, software and operating systems that are labeled like that ?

It all comes down tot the point that a 64-bit operating system can increase the capabilities of a processor drastically, the real jump in power comes from software designed with this architecture in mind.Applications with high performance demands already take advantage of the increase in available memory. This is especially useful on programs that can store a lot of information for immediate access, like image editing,games, games  and software that opens multiple large files at the same time.

Through hardware emulation, it’s possible to run 32-bit software and operating systems on a machine with a 64-bit processor. The opposite isn’t true however, in that 32-bit processors cannot run software designed with 64-bit architecture in mind.That's one of the reasons why 64-bit processors are all over the market, even in the smallest devices we own- smartphones.

References:

1-http://s3.amazonaws.com/digitaltrends-uploads-prod/2014/01/32-or-64-bit.jpg

2-http://www.loadbalanceworks.com/images/features/64-bit_application_delivery_controllers-2.png

3-http://sadeq.me/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2016-smartphone-comparison-a-30.jpg

4-https://www.technologyreview.com/s/402815/the-64-bit-question/

Data Mining

What's data mining ?

Data mining is a huge field in computer science that's the foundation of of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database systems.
I know that you may have thought when do we even use that ? We don't interact with excel data bases everyday neither do we work for the government or any huge agencies  but i'm going to make it easy for you and explain to you how in every small application on any device we have there has to be a method of data mining that has been collecting data and we don't even feel that.

Generally, data mining (sometimes called data or knowledge discovery) is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information -  Data mining techniques is required in every application so that it would be able to make a better use of the data inputed.

How does data mining work ?

Data mining parameters include:

• Association - looking for patterns where one event is connected to another event
• Sequence or path analysis - looking for patterns where one event leads to another later event
• Classification - looking for new patterns (May result in a change in the way the data is organized but that's ok)
• Clustering - finding and visually documenting groups of facts not previously known
• Forecasting - discovering patterns in data that can lead to reasonable predictions about the future (This area of data mining is known as predictive analytics).

Examples in our lives :

1- Pokemon go :it finds the best location to put power ups and tools through the data collected from pokemon go users across the globe and they map all these coordinates and update  the server based on that data 

2-Apple maps has to store billions of coordinates and location details in the most compact space to be at the reach of every user at the fastest response time and they analyze all this data that comes from  the satellites through complex data mining applications that take users' input too.

References:
1-http://www.invensis.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/12-Data-Mining-Tools-and-Techniques-Invensis.png
2-http://www.laits.utexas.edu/~anorman/BUS.FOR/course.mat/Alex/dm.gif
3-https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/techvibes/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Apple-Maps.jpg

DNA computing

From the title anyone would guess that this is related to genetics and this how biologist were able to use supercomputers to map the human  genome.However,that's not what DNA computing means.

Silicon microprocessors have been the heart of the computing world for more than 40 years.So,isn't it the right time to find a new material ?
DNA computing is a branch of computing which uses which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional silicon-based computer technologies.

How does it work ?

On a basic level, all DNA computers function by pairing bases on the two strands and using certain enzymes to cut or splice the DNA molecules at different locations. The DNA computer can be thought of as having input data, hardware, and software molecules. These, when mixed together, react in specific ways to produce output molecules — or solutions — to a given problem.

DNA vs. Sillicon microprocessors 

1. As long as there are cellular organisms, there will always be a supply of DNA.
2. The large supply of DNA makes it a cheap resource.
3. Unlike the toxic materials used to make traditional microprocessors, DNA biochips can be made cleanly.
4. DNA computers are many times smaller than today's computers.
5. DNA strands provide more storage than usual silicon chips since there are several types of nucleotides )

Future of DNA computing

This field maybe a young one.However,it's growing in a very fast pace and with the huge advantages it's coming with like smaller sizes and even more storage it's going to open many opportunities to compute the hardest problems in less than a second without affecting the environment.

References:

http://www.aiche.org/sites/default/files/styles/chenected_lead_image/public/images/Chenected/lead/shutterstock45347221.jpg?itok=-rZJ5a09

2-http://www-lip.ist.osaka-u.ac.jp/research/img1/DNA_nanoprocessor_eng2.png

3-http://cdn.phys.org/newman/gfx/news/hires/2015/organiccompu.jpg

4-https://www.technologyreview.com/s/400727/dna-computing/

5-http://phys.org/news/2015-09-dna-bodies.html

Cloud Computing

We used to refer to the clouds as the ones in the sky.However,in every smart devices we have these days it always asks us to upgrade our files to a different kind of "cloud".

The definition of internet cloud -or basically a computer-run space to store your files or to share them with the world -came to life in the end of 1980s.However,when i say cloud computing that's a whole new level which came into life in the late 2000s.Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and more—over the Internet (“the cloud”).

Most websites and server-based applications run on particular computers or servers. What differentiates the cloud from the way those are set up is that the cloud utilizes the resources from the computers as a collective virtual computer, where the applications can run independently from particular computer or server configurations. They are basically floating around in a “cloud of resources”, making the hardware less important to how the applications work.

What can be done with cloud computing ?

• Create new apps and services

• Store, back up, and recover data

• Host websites and blogs

• Stream audio and video

• Deliver software on demand

• Analyze data for patterns and make predictions

What are the top benefits of cloud computing:
1-Speed
2-Everything you have is global and accessible anywhere
3-Cost: you wouldn't have to maintain a physical facility for servers and super computers
4-High performance that you can process terabytes in minutes 

References:

http://www.pcmag.com/media/images/417346-back-up-your-cloud-how-to-download-all-your-data.jpg?thumb=y&width=740&height=426

http://blogs.bmc.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Advantages-of-Cloud-Computing-5-Benefits.jpg

http://thecloudplus.com/images/cloudcomputing.png

http://engineering.mit.edu/ask/what-cloud-computing

https://www.ibm.com/cloud-computing/what-is-cloud-computing

https://www.salesforce.com/uk/blog/2015/11/why-move-to-the-cloud-10-benefits-of-cloud-computing.html

Quantum Computers

In the last 50 years computer scientists and engineers were focused on how to update computers and how to equip them with the fastest nanoships. However,with all these major inventions they never thought about dumping the bits way of computing but in the last decade  some have changed their vision and started thinking of how to build computers that can do computing in a whole new level.

 A quantum computer is the product of the crossroad of computer science and quantum physics.A quantum computer taps directly into the fundamental fabric of reality– the strange and counterintuitive world of quantum mechanics – to speed computation.Rather than store information as 0s or 1s as conventional computers do, a quantum computer uses qubits – which can be a 1 or a 0 or both at the same time. This “quantum superposition”, along with the quantum effects of entanglement and quantum tunneling  enable quantum computers to consider and manipulate all combinations of bits simultaneously, making quantum computation powerful and fast.

"A quantum computer would take just weeks to complete a calculation that a conventional computer would take millions of years to solve." (Michael Hoche) So,can we agree that it's a faster and more efficient way of computing?! I think yes but what does that mean to us ?

1. Really accurate weather forecasting
2. More efficient drug discovery
3. No more traffic nightmares
4. Accelerating space exploration
5. Machine learning and automation
6. Radiotherapy Optimization(Detect cancer earlier)
7. DNA Mapping
8. Financial analysis

And many more.... With the introduction of quantum computers to  our universe,nothing will ever be the same !

"The D-wave Quantum computer "






References:

http://thespiritscience.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/susanne_posel_news_-super-computer-321243-910x512.jpg
http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/blogs/future_tense/2013/05/16/google_nasa_buy_d_wave_2_quantum_computer_what_will_they_do_with_it/shutterstock_ai.jpg.CROP.rectangle3-large.jpg
http://www.nea.com/uploads/images/blog/Slide4.PNG
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/05/16/article-2325371-1671E1A1000005DC-402_634x558.jpg
http://www.airbusgroup.com/int/en/news-media/corporate-magazine/Forum-87/quantum-computing.html
http://news.microsoft.com/stories/stationq/index.html
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/544421/googles-quantum-dream-machine/